The next step in the counting sequence is connecting counting to addition and subtraction. If students know 1 more and 1 less, they can easily transfer that to addition facts. Hopefully this step will be fairly simple if the previous milestone was achieved.

These activities are designed to help students apply their understanding of operations and begin to develop fluency.

• Teacher Resource 4.1: Adding Quantities
• Teacher Resource 4.2: Taking Away Quantities
• Teacher Resource 4.3: Adding to Ten with a Ten Frame
• Teacher Resource 4.4: Subtract to Zero with a Ten Frame
• Teacher Resource 4.5: Race to Ten

Take a look at this student work. Students were challenged to find as many strategies as they could to subtract one. You will notice they all used their number lines but started to sketch ten frames and number bonds too.

With each objective in this milestone, we will add to our assessment toolbox. In this particular objective, you have the following:

• Checklist for the entire milestone
• Checklist for just adding and subtracting 0, 1, and 2
• Interview options
• Quiz options

As you begin to take observations, it may be helpful to record what you see with a shorthand notation. I like to use the following key: